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Home >> Numbers >> Square Numbers >> Properties of Square Numbers >> Property 4 >>

If Natural Number is Square Number, then it has to be the sum of Successive Odd Numbers starting from 1

Property 1 Property 2 Property 3 Property 4 Property 5
Property 6 Property 7 Property 8

Before you understand this property, you are adviced to read:

What are Natural Numbers ?
What are Square Numbers ?
What are Odd Numbers ?

Observe the following table 1:

Perfect Squares Sum of Odd Numbers
4 1 + 3
9 1 + 3 + 5
16 1 + 3 + 5 + 7
25 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
36 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11
49 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
64 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15
81 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17
100 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19


In the above table 1:
Column 1 represents Square numbers or perfect squares
Column 2 represents Sum of odd numbers starting from 1

Now, you can observe that in each row sum of odd numbers is equal to its corresponding square number.
That is:
4 = 22 = sum of 1st two odd numbers
9 = 32 = sum of 1st three odd numbers
16 = 42 = sum of 1st four odd numbers
25 = 52 = sum of 1st five odd numbers
36 = 62 = sum of 1st six odd numbers
49 = 72 = sum of 1st seven odd numbers
64 = 82 = sum of 1st eight odd numbers
81 = 92 = sum of 1st nine odd numbers
100 = 102 = sum of 1st ten odd numbers

This explains the property of square numbers which says that:
If a Natural Number is a square number, then it has to be the sum of successive odd numbers starting from 1

Or we can say that:
"Square number is the sum of successive odd numbers starting from 1"

With this property we also get that:
If a Natural Number cannot be expressed as sum of successive odd numbers starting from 1, then the Natural Number is also not a perfect square.

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